Causes of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Although the exact cause of lupus is still unclear, medical studies have shown. That it is associated with several factors, including:

Genetics

Research shows that people who have a family member with SLE have a 20-fold increased risk of developing the disease compare to the general population (Ref: Harley et al., Nature Reviews Rheumatology, 2009).

Genes involved in SLE include HLA-DR2 and HLA-DR3, as well as the IRF5, STAT4, and PTPN22 genes, which play important roles in regulating immune function.

Hormones (Hormonal Factors)

Lupus is more common in women, especially during reproductive years (15-45 years), when estrogen levels are high (Ref: Mok et al., Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology, 2003).

Estrogen affects the immune system by making immune cells more sensitive to stimulation, making the body more susceptible to autoimmune reactions.

Environmental Triggers

Sunlight (UV Light): UV rays can stimulate dead cells to release autoantigens, which can mislead the immune system and attack the body’s normal cells (Ref: D’Cruz et al., Nature Clinical Practice Rheumatology, 2006).

Viral Infection: Research has found that สมัครสมาชิก UFABET วันนี้ รับเครดิตฟรีทุกวัน certain viruses, such as Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), may trigger SLE. Inducing the production of autoantibodies (Ref: James et al., New England Journal of Medicine, 2007).

Certain chemicals: such as silica, cigarette smoke. BPA in plastics may interfere with the immune system and increase the risk of SLE (Ref: Parks et al., Environmental Health Perspectives, 2010).

Certain medications and vaccines (Drug-Induced Lupus – DIL)

There are certain groups of drugs that can trigger Lupus-like syndrome, including:

Antihypertensive drugs: Hydralazine, Methyldopa, Captopril

Anticonvulsants: Phenytoin, Carbamazepine

Antiarrhythmic drugs: Procainamide, Quinidine

Some antibiotics: Isoniazid, Minocycline

Symptoms caused by these drugs usually go away when the drug is stopped.